If a wall thickness is 230 mm, how can I position a wooden frame?
230 mm is approximately 8 inches so, I'm assuming your measurement is of the framing material of the wall and excludes the thickness of drywall on either side of the wall. If the framing material of the wall is 2x8 (230 mm) you can install a door frame that is made from materials which are preferably from 2x4 to 2x6 to 2x8. If your wall framing is 2x8 it will fit flush with the rest of the wall. The smaller sizes will enable the ability to create an indented doorway.
How do I fix a door that was hung wrong and has to be lifted in order to close it?
The door must have worked correctly at one time. This almost sounds like someone added to the height of the flooring (carpet or laminate). If this is so, then just pull the door and trim a little off the bottom.